LunarMail
LunarMail is a backdoor that has been used by Turla since at least 2020 including in a compromise of a European ministry of foreign affairs (MFA) in conjunction with LunarLoader and LunarWeb. LunarMail is designed to be deployed on workstations and can use email messages and Steganography in command and control.[1]
Techniques Used
| Domain | ID | Name | Use | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enterprise | T1071 | .003 | Application Layer Protocol: Mail Protocols |
LunarMail can communicates with C2 using email messages via the Outlook Messaging API (MAPI).[1] |
| Enterprise | T1059 | .005 | Command and Scripting Interpreter: Visual Basic | |
| Enterprise | T1543 | Create or Modify System Process |
LunarMail can create an arbitrary process with a specified command line and redirect its output to a staging directory.[1] |
|
| Enterprise | T1001 | .002 | Data Obfuscation: Steganography |
LunarMail can parse IDAT chunks from .png files to look for zlib-compressed and AES encrypted C2 commands.[1] |
| Enterprise | T1074 | .001 | Data Staged: Local Data Staging |
LunarMail can create a directory in |
| Enterprise | T1140 | Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information |
LunarMail can decrypt strings to retrieve configuration settings.[1] |
|
| Enterprise | T1114 | .001 | Email Collection: Local Email Collection |
LunarMail can capture the recipients of sent email messages from compromised accounts.[1] |
| Enterprise | T1041 | Exfiltration Over C2 Channel |
LunarMail can use email image attachments with embedded data for receiving C2 commands and data exfiltration.[1] |
|
| Enterprise | T1083 | File and Directory Discovery |
LunarMail can search its staging directory for output files it has produced.[1] |
|
| Enterprise | T1070 | .004 | Indicator Removal: File Deletion |
LunarMail can delete the previously used staging directory and files on subsequent rounds of exfiltration and replace it with a new one.[1] |
| .008 | Indicator Removal: Clear Mailbox Data |
LunarMail can set the |
||
| Enterprise | T1095 | Non-Application Layer Protocol |
LunarMail can ping a specific C2 URL with the ID of a victim machine in the subdomain.[1] |
|
| Enterprise | T1027 | .013 | Obfuscated Files or Information: Encrypted/Encoded File |
LunarMail has used RC4 and AES to encrypt strings and its exfiltration configuration respectively.[1] |
| Enterprise | T1137 | .006 | Office Application Startup: Add-ins |
LunarMail has the ability to use Outlook add-ins for persistence.[1] |
| Enterprise | T1113 | Screen Capture |
LunarMail can capture screenshots from compromised hosts.[1] |
|
| Enterprise | T1082 | System Information Discovery |
LunarMail can capture environmental variables on compromised hosts.[1] |
|
| Enterprise | T1204 | .002 | User Execution: Malicious File |
LunarMail has been installed through a malicious macro in a Microsoft Word document.[1] |