| ID | Name |
|---|---|
| T1608.001 | Upload Malware |
| T1608.002 | Upload Tool |
| T1608.003 | Install Digital Certificate |
| T1608.004 | Drive-by Target |
| T1608.005 | Link Target |
| T1608.006 | SEO Poisoning |
Adversaries may prepare an operational environment to infect systems that visit a website over the normal course of browsing. Endpoint systems may be compromised through browsing to adversary controlled sites, as in Drive-by Compromise. In such cases, the user's web browser is typically targeted for exploitation (often not requiring any extra user interaction once landing on the site), but adversaries may also set up websites for non-exploitation behavior such as Application Access Token. Prior to Drive-by Compromise, adversaries must stage resources needed to deliver that exploit to users who browse to an adversary controlled site. Drive-by content can be staged on adversary controlled infrastructure that has been acquired (Acquire Infrastructure) or previously compromised (Compromise Infrastructure).
Adversaries may upload or inject malicious web content, such as JavaScript, into websites.[1][2] This may be done in a number of ways, including:
In addition to staging content to exploit a user's web browser, adversaries may also stage scripting content to profile the user's browser (as in Gather Victim Host Information) to ensure it is vulnerable prior to attempting exploitation.[3]
Websites compromised by an adversary and used to stage a drive-by may be ones visited by a specific community, such as government, a particular industry, or region, where the goal is to compromise a specific user or set of users based on a shared interest. This kind of targeted campaign is referred to a strategic web compromise or watering hole attack.
Adversaries may purchase domains similar to legitimate domains (ex: homoglyphs, typosquatting, different top-level domain, etc.) during acquisition of infrastructure (Domains) to help facilitate Drive-by Compromise.
| ID | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| G0050 | APT32 |
APT32 has stood up websites containing numerous articles and content scraped from the Internet to make them appear legitimate, but some of these pages include malicious JavaScript to profile the potential victim or infect them via a fake software update.[4] |
| C0010 | C0010 |
For C0010, the threat actors compromised the login page of a legitimate Israeli shipping company and likely established a watering hole that collected visitor information.[5] |
| G1012 | CURIUM |
CURIUM used strategic website compromise to fingerprint then target victims.[6] |
| G0035 | Dragonfly |
Dragonfly has compromised websites to redirect traffic and to host exploit kits.[7] |
| G0046 | FIN7 |
FIN7 has compromised a digital product website and modified multiple download links to point to trojanized versions of offered digital products.[8] |
| G1014 | LuminousMoth |
LuminousMoth has redirected compromised machines to an actor-controlled webpage through HTML injection.[9] |
| G1020 | Mustard Tempest |
Mustard Tempest has injected malicious JavaScript into compromised websites to infect victims via drive-by download.[10][11][12][13] |
| G0027 | Threat Group-3390 |
Threat Group-3390 has embedded malicious code into websites to screen a potential victim's IP address and then exploit their browser if they are of interest.[2] |
| G0134 | Transparent Tribe |
Transparent Tribe has set up websites with malicious hyperlinks and iframes to infect targeted victims with Crimson, njRAT, and other malicious tools.[14][15][16] |
| ID | Mitigation | Description |
|---|---|---|
| M1056 | Pre-compromise |
This technique cannot be easily mitigated with preventive controls since it is based on behaviors performed outside of the scope of enterprise defenses and controls. |
| ID | Data Source | Data Component | Detects |
|---|---|---|---|
| DS0035 | Internet Scan | Response Content |
If infrastructure or patterns in the malicious web content utilized to deliver a Drive-by Compromise have been previously identified, internet scanning may uncover when an adversary has staged web content for use in a strategic web compromise.Much of this activity will take place outside the visibility of the target organization, making detection of this behavior difficult. Detection efforts may be focused on other phases of the adversary lifecycle, such as Drive-by Compromise or Exploitation for Client Execution. |