Bread
Bread was a large-scale billing fraud malware family known for employing many different cloaking and obfuscation techniques in an attempt to continuously evade Google Play Store’s malware detection. 1,700 unique Bread apps were detected and removed from the Google Play Store before being downloaded by users.[1]
Associated Software Descriptions
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Joker |
Techniques Used
| Domain | ID | Name | Use | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mobile | T1517 | Access Notifications | ||
| Mobile | T1437 | .001 | Application Layer Protocol: Web Protocols |
Bread communicates with the C2 server using HTTP requests.[1] |
| Mobile | T1407 | Download New Code at Runtime |
Bread has utilized JavaScript within WebViews that loaded a URL hosted on a Bread-controlled server which provided functions to run. Bread downloads billing fraud execution steps at runtime.[1] |
|
| Mobile | T1643 | Generate Traffic from Victim |
Bread can perform SMS fraud on older versions of the malware, and toll fraud on newer versions.[1] |
|
| Mobile | T1575 | Native API |
Bread has used native code in an attempt to disguise malicious functionality.[1] |
|
| Mobile | T1406 | Obfuscated Files or Information |
Bread uses various tricks to obfuscate its strings including standard and custom encryption, programmatically building strings at runtime, and splitting unencrypted strings with repeated delimiters to break up keywords. Bread has also abused Java and JavaScript features to obfuscate code. Bread payloads have hidden code in native libraries and encrypted JAR files in the data section of an ELF file. Bread has stored DEX payloads as base64-encoded strings in the Android manifest and internal Java classes.[2][1] |
|
| .002 | Software Packing |
Bread payloads have used several commercially available packers.[1] |
||
| Mobile | T1636 | .004 | Protected User Data: SMS Messages |
Bread can access SMS messages in order to complete carrier billing fraud.[1] |
| Mobile | T1422 | System Network Configuration Discovery |
Bread collects the device’s IMEI, carrier, mobile country code, and mobile network code.[1] |
|