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Unsecured Credentials: Group Policy Preferences

ID Name
T1552.001 Credentials In Files
T1552.002 Credentials in Registry
T1552.003 Bash History
T1552.004 Private Keys
T1552.005 Cloud Instance Metadata API
T1552.006 Group Policy Preferences
T1552.007 Container API
T1552.008 Chat Messages

Adversaries may attempt to find unsecured credentials in Group Policy Preferences (GPP). GPP are tools that allow administrators to create domain policies with embedded credentials. These policies allow administrators to set local accounts.[1]

These group policies are stored in SYSVOL on a domain controller. This means that any domain user can view the SYSVOL share and decrypt the password (using the AES key that has been made public).[2]

The following tools and scripts can be used to gather and decrypt the password file from Group Policy Preference XML files:

  • Metasploit’s post exploitation module: post/windows/gather/credentials/gpp
  • Get-GPPPassword[3]
  • gpprefdecrypt.py

On the SYSVOL share, adversaries may use the following command to enumerate potential GPP XML files: dir /s * .xml

ID: T1552.006
Sub-technique of:  T1552
ⓘ
Tactic: Credential Access
ⓘ
Platforms: Windows
Version: 1.1
Created: 11 February 2020
Last Modified: 15 August 2024
Version Permalink

Procedure Examples

ID Name Description
G0064 APT33

APT33 has used a variety of publicly available tools like Gpppassword to gather credentials.[4][5]
S0194 PowerSploit

PowerSploit contains a collection of Exfiltration modules that can harvest credentials from Group Policy Preferences.[6][7]
S0692 SILENTTRINITY

SILENTTRINITY has a module that can extract cached GPP passwords.[8]

G0102 Wizard Spider

Wizard Spider has used PowerShell cmdlets Get-GPPPassword and Find-GPOPassword to find unsecured credentials in a compromised network group policy.[9]

Mitigations

ID Mitigation Description
M1015 Active Directory Configuration

Remove vulnerable Group Policy Preferences.[10]
M1047 Audit

Search SYSVOL for any existing GGPs that may contain credentials and remove them.[11]
M1051 Update Software

Apply patch KB2962486 which prevents credentials from being stored in GPPs.[11][12]

Detection

ID Data Source Data Component Detects
DS0017 Command Command Execution

Monitor executed commands and arguments that may search for SYSVOL data and/or GPP XML files, especially on compromised domain controllers.

Analytic 1 - Commands indicating searches for GPP XML files.

(index=security sourcetype="Powershell" EventCode=4104 CommandLine="dir /s .xml*")

DS0022 File File Access

Monitor for attempts to access SYSVOL that involve searching for XML files.

Analytic 1 - Unauthorized access to SYSVOL XML files.

index=security sourcetype="WinEventLog:Security" EventCode=4663 ObjectName="SYSVOL" ObjectName="*.xml"| eval AccessType=case( AccessMask="0x1", "Read", AccessMask="0x2", "Write", AccessMask="0x3", "Read/Write", AccessMask="0x4", "Delete", true(), "Unknown")

References

  1. Microsoft. (2016, August 31). Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
  2. Microsoft. (n.d.). 2.2.1.1.4 Password Encryption. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
  3. Campbell, C. (2012, May 24). GPP Password Retrieval with PowerShell. Retrieved April 11, 2018.
  4. Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  5. Ackerman, G., et al. (2018, December 21). OVERRULED: Containing a Potentially Destructive Adversary. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
  6. PowerShellMafia. (2012, May 26). PowerSploit - A PowerShell Post-Exploitation Framework. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
  1. PowerSploit. (n.d.). PowerSploit. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
  2. Salvati, M. (2019, August 6). SILENTTRINITY Modules. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
  3. Shilko, J., et al. (2021, October 7). FIN12: The Prolific Ransomware Intrusion Threat Actor That Has Aggressively Pursued Healthcare Targets. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  4. Microsoft. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: Vulnerability in Group Policy Preferences could allow elevation of privilege. Retrieved January 28, 2015.
  5. Sean Metcalf. (2015, December 28). Finding Passwords in SYSVOL & Exploiting Group Policy Preferences. Retrieved February 17, 2020.
  6. Microsoft. (2014, May 13). MS14-025: Vulnerability in Group Policy Preferences could allow elevation of privilege. Retrieved February 17, 2020.