| ID | Name |
|---|---|
| T1098.001 | Additional Cloud Credentials |
| T1098.002 | Additional Email Delegate Permissions |
| T1098.003 | Additional Cloud Roles |
| T1098.004 | SSH Authorized Keys |
| T1098.005 | Device Registration |
| T1098.006 | Additional Container Cluster Roles |
| T1098.007 | Additional Local or Domain Groups |
An adversary may add additional roles or permissions to an adversary-controlled user or service account to maintain persistent access to a container orchestration system. For example, an adversary with sufficient permissions may create a RoleBinding or a ClusterRoleBinding to bind a Role or ClusterRole to a Kubernetes account.[1][2] Where attribute-based access control (ABAC) is in use, an adversary with sufficient permissions may modify a Kubernetes ABAC policy to give the target account additional permissions.[3]
This account modification may immediately follow Create Account or other malicious account activity. Adversaries may also modify existing Valid Accounts that they have compromised.
Note that where container orchestration systems are deployed in cloud environments, as with Google Kubernetes Engine, Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service, and Azure Kubernetes Service, cloud-based role-based access control (RBAC) assignments or ABAC policies can often be used in place of or in addition to local permission assignments.[4][5][6] In these cases, this technique may be used in conjunction with Additional Cloud Roles.
| ID | Mitigation | Description |
|---|---|---|
| M1032 | Multi-factor Authentication |
Require multi-factor authentication for user accounts integrated into container clusters through cloud deployments or via authentication protocols such as LDAP or SAML. |
| M1018 | User Account Management |
Ensure that low-privileged accounts do not have permissions to add permissions to accounts or to update container cluster roles. |
| ID | Name | Analytic ID | Analytic Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| DET0572 | Suspicious RoleBinding or ClusterRoleBinding Assignment in Kubernetes | AN1579 |
Detects assignment of high-privilege roles to user or service accounts via Kubernetes RoleBinding or ClusterRoleBinding objects, especially outside of CI/CD automation or from unknown IPs. |